Modeling of crumple zone for vehicle crash simulation using multi-layers Kelvin-Voigt model with non-linear spring optimized using gravitational search algorithm

This study focuses on the development of a crumple zone model for vehicle crash simulation. The proposed model employs a multi-layer Kelvin-Voigt model optimized using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). A Key innovation of the proposed model lies in its representation of springs as non-linear elements. This is achieved by considering both their elastic and plastic stiffness, enabling a more realistic depiction of the material behavior. The model parameters to be optimized using GSA are damping values, elastic stiffness, plastic stiffness and the limit of elastic deformation of Kelvin-Voigt model in all layers. The objective is to improve the fidelity of crash simulations for enhancing vehicle safety design. The simulation results obtained using the developed model is compared with experimental data from vehicle crash tests in terms of deceleration and deformation characteristics of crumple zones during collisions. The simulation results shows that the model responses of both deceleration and crumple zone deformation closely follow the crash test data.