Treadmill of destruction theory: an empirical evidence from Malaysia

This study will evaluate the interlinked between military activities and CO2 emissions which may provide a basis on developing monitoring framework in conserving the environment, leading towards sustainable development and long-term economic growth for Malaysia. The framework of climatization on the military sector filled in the limited research gap from existing literature that relates military with environment while most of it relates military with securitization. In addition, the issues of militarian and environmental still scares in developing countries while in western countries, the defence sector has imposed environmental consideration either on defence operation and defence insurgencies. The treadmill of destruction theory will be tested to answer the questions on how does military activities impacted the environment in Malaysia economies and how does it affect CO2 emissions. These fundamental questions are pertinent for sustainable development and long-run economic growth. Research methodology proposed is based on econometrics analysis and the framework were based on the treadmill of destruction theory. The outcome of the study will contribute to formulate Macro Defence policy under pillar 3 of National Defence Interest of Economic prosperity and growth. The proposed framework is line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 that endeavor a responsible consumption and production. This study is vital and may contributes to the primary pbjective of the National Defence Policy to protect and defend national interests in the foundations of Malaysia's soverignty, territorial integrity and economic prosperity that is also in line with National Priority Area (NPA).