A review of major flood events in Malaysia between 1970-2024

This study compiles comprehensive data on significant flooding incidents throughout the history of Malaysia and presents the official estimates offlood-related losses for the chosen major flood occurrences spanning from 1970 to 2024. Additionally, it offers details regarding the underlying factors and consequences of floods, as well as an explanation of the flood prevention strategies implemented in this area. In addition, it provides information on the allocation of funds for flood mitigation measures by the Malaysian government as part of the Malaysia Plan (1971 to 2020). Past flood experiences have shown that a significant danger leading to potential loss of life or severe harm to individuals arises from the scale and strength of the floods, encompassing factors such as water levels, flow rates, and the speed at which the flood occurs. Intense floods characterised by elevated water levels and sudden occurrence, such as flash floods, have the potential to overwhelm flood defences and escape routes, hence increasing the risk of drowning and injuries. Nevertheless, it is recommended that an Integrated Smart Alarm System to be implemented in flood-prone areas to reducefatalities.