Smoothing of hip angle kinematics data during parachute landing using functional data analysis approach

Smoothing is one of the fundamental procedures in functional data analysis (FDA). There are three main factors in the data smoothing process through the basic method of B-spline expansion namely order, roughness penalty and smoothing parameter (h).Therefore the main objective of this research are to identify the optimal value of derivatives, roughness penalty and smoothing parameter (h) by applying the kinematics data, specifically hip flexion/extension angle
during the parachute landing activity. There have several series of tests conducted to obtain appropriate parameters to be applied to the overall kinematics and kinetics data. According to result shows that the optimal smoothing parameter was smoothing B-spline basis order 6, 4"' order of roughness penalty with lambda h=le-12.